Understanding “Ide miri arusi (juju) by which the people take oath,” reads a note written in a photo album by British anthropologist Northcote Thomas, accompanying a photograph taken around 1910–11. This brief yet profound description highlights the way European observers of the time often misinterpreted and generalized African religious and cultural practices using the term…
In the spiritual and cultural landscape of the Igbo people, the azụ anya mmụọ or Anya mmụọ—literally translating to “eyes of the spirits”—holds profound significance. This wooden openwork panel, typically located in front of the obi (the central household of a patriarch) in the north-central Igbo area, serves as a boundary between the living world…
In Igbo culture, iron is very important and has a deep meaning. It is seen as a symbol of strength, power, and the ability to create and change things. For many years, the Igbo people have used iron in farming, crafts, and religious activities. It is not just a tool but also a…