Photographs

Image records

Historic photographs are shown with date, place, holder and reuse status.

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Public-domain illustration of an Iboe war canoe from the early 19th century, a large dugout war canoe used in West African waterways, similar in concept to the massive naval canoes deployed historically by riverine peoples like the Itsekiri. Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons / Public domain (from R & J. Lander, Journal of an Expedition)

Reference OZ-M-515 · Licence Public domain (as stated by the record)

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Esty

Ichaka. Photo credit: Esty

Reference OZ-M-516 · No licence recorded · reuse not granted

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Outravelandtour

Ichaka. Photo credit : Outravelandtour

Reference OZ-M-517 · No licence recorded · reuse not granted

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Music Africa Awake

Ichaka with cowries around it. Photo credit; Music Africa Awake

Reference OZ-M-518 · No licence recorded · reuse not granted

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Augustinian Cemetery via Wikimedia Commons

An Augustinian cemetery associated with the religious order, illustrating the historical depth of Augustinian missionary communities and their dedication to establishing lasting Christian presences in mission regions worldwide. Photo credit: Augustinian Cemetery via Wikimedia Commons.

Reference OZ-M-519 · No licence recorded · reuse not granted

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Augustinian Heritage Room via Wikimedia Commons

An Augustinian heritage room showing artefacts and historical material linked to the order’s legacy and the broader cultural and religious backdrop for their missionary activities. Photo credit: Augustinian Heritage Room via Wikimedia Commons

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Augustinian friar via Wikimedia Commons

An Augustinian friar in habit, representing members of the Order of Saint Augustine (OSA) a Catholic missionary order that followed Portuguese exploration in Africa and worked in mission areas including Sao Tome and Warri. Photo credit: Augustinian friar via Wikimedia Commons

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Orokbest1 via Wikimedia Commons

A cultural festival in Nigeria displays, conveying the vibrant community participatory nature of festivals (music, dance, ritual) that are part of sea-related and traditional celebrations in the Niger Delta and beyond. Photo credit: Orokbest1 via Wikimedia Commons

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Tunde Akangbe via Wikimedia Commons

Ori Olokun Sculpture at Mayfair Roundabout, a modern monument representing the African sea deity’s spiritual presence comparable to how sea god veneration underpins festivals like Umalokun Olaja. Photo credit: Tunde Akangbe via Wikimedia Commons.

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4 t o s c e n e t h e s i s

Arugba for Olokun, a ceremonial offering bearer in water deity traditions illustrating ritual roles seen in festivals devoted to sea gods like Umalokun/Olokun across West Africa. Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons/public domain

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Iwuala Lucy via Wikimedia Commons

An Igbo burial rites performance in Nigeria, highlighting traditional expressive cultural elements that like in Itsekiri royal funerals may be blended with Christian prayers in modern syncretic rites. Photo credit: Iwuala Lucy via Wikimedia Commons.

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Timzy D’Great via Wikimedia Commons

A burial ceremony in Nigeria depicting community participation and ceremonial rites useful to illustrate the social and traditional aspects of funerals that are often woven together with Christian prayers. Photo credit: Timzy D’Great via Wikimedia Commons

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Obigwe001 via Wikimedia Commons

A church-based funeral service in Nigeria, showing mourners gathered for prayer and rites visualising the Christian prayer component that often complements traditional burial protocols in syncretic royal funerals. Photo credit: Obigwe001 via Wikimedia Commons

Reference OZ-M-527 · No licence recorded · reuse not granted

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Slashme

Olokun is a major sea deity in Yoruba and Edo religion, representing the ruler of the ocean and its riches a role spiritually parallel to Umalokun in Itsekiri belief, as both functioned as powerful water spirits governing the sea and its resources in pre-Christian spiritual systems. Eyo Olokun masquerades at the Eyo Festival in Lagos, Nigeria Photo credit: Slashme.

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Tunde Akangbe via Wikimedia Commons

Osun Osogbo Festival, honouring the water deity Osun another manifestation of West African water spirit veneration that is part of a broader cosmological context in which sea deities like Umalokun/Olokun play central roles in ritual life. Photo credit: Tunde Akangbe via Wikimedia Commons.

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Tunde Akangbe via Wikimedia Commons

A public sculpture representing Olokun, the West African sea deity of the ocean depths, whose influence mirrors Umalokun’s role as the spiritual heart of coastal life and water-based cosmology in Itsekiri and Yoruba traditions. Photo credit; Tunde Akangbe via Wikimedia Commons.

Reference OZ-M-530 · No licence recorded · reuse not granted

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Cliff1066 via Wikimedia Commons

A traditional Yoruba divination board (Ọpọ́n Ifá) representing West African spiritual systems and sacred practices (including belief in a high creator and intermediary spirits) related to the broader cosmology that influenced neighbouring peoples such as the Itsekiri. Photo credit: Cliff1066 via Wikimedia Commons.

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Thingsomyipisntvisable via Wikimedia Commons

Ethnic flag of the Itsekiri people, symbolising shared identity and worldview including spiritual concepts of a supreme being (Oritse) embedded in pre-Christian belief. Photo credit:Thingsomyipisntvisable via Wikimedia Commons.

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CKwa265 via Wikimedia Commons

A group of Itsekiri people from southern Nigeria the ethnic community whose traditional religion believed in Oritse, the supreme being, before and after missionary contact. Photo credit: CKwa265 via Wikimedia Commons.

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Church of Akara Ovia. A historic church building in Nigeria illustrating traditional ecclesiastical architecture within the broader context of early Christian buildings in the country (useful for architectural comparison). Photo credit: public domain via Wikimedia Commons.

Reference OZ-M-534 · Licence Public domain (as stated by the record)

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The Cathedral Church of St. Peter, Ake, Abeokuta, one of Nigeria’s older church buildings showing historic ecclesiastical architecture outside Warri that helps visualise early Christian church forms in the country. Photo credit: public domain via Wikimedia Commons

Reference OZ-M-535 · Licence Public domain (as stated by the record)

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Agbebiyi Adekunle (Tadek Photography) via Wikimedia Commons

The site is popularly recognized as the oldest Catholic church in Nigeria, historically identified as the Church of Saint Anthony at Ode-Itsekiri, the Itsekiri community where early Catholic missionaries built a monastery-church in the late 17th century (1690–1692), locally called Satoni. Photo credit: Agbebiyi Adekunle (Tadek Photography) via Wikimedia Commons

Reference OZ-M-536 · No licence recorded · reuse not granted

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outravelandtour

Igba-Igbo. Photo credit : outravelandtour

Reference OZ-M-537 · No licence recorded · reuse not granted

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Umuigbo magazine

Igba (Talking/Cylinder Drum). Photo credit : Umuigbo magazine

Reference OZ-M-538 · No licence recorded · reuse not granted

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